Processor Programming (Continued)
Table 3-1. Initialized Core Register Controls (Continued)
Register
Register Name
SMM Address 1
Initialized Contents
00h
Comments
SMAR1
SMAR2
DIR0
See Table 3-11 on page 50 for bit definitions.
See Table 3-11 on page 50 for bit definitions.
SMM Address 2 / SMAR Size
Device Identification 0
00h
4xh
Device ID and reads back initial CPU clock-speed set-
ting. See Table 3-11 on page 51 for bit definitions.
DIR1
DR7
Device Identification 1
Debug Register 7
xxh
Stepping and Revision ID (RO). See Table 3-11 on
page 51 for bit definitions.
00000400h
See Table 3-13 on page 53 for bit definitions.
Note: x = Undefined value
3.2 INSTRUCTION SET OVERVIEW
The GXm processor instruction set can be divided into
nine types of operations:
Operand lengths of 8, 16, 32 or 48 bits are supported as
well as 64 or 80 bits associated with floating-point instruc-
tions. Operand lengths of 8 or 32 bits are generally used
when executing code written for 386- or 486-class (32-bit
code) processors. Operand lengths of 8 or 16 bits are
generally used when executing existing 8086 or 80286
code (16-bit code). The default length of an operand can
be overridden by placing one or more instruction prefixes
in front of the opcode. For example, the use of prefixes
allows a 32-bit operand to be used with 16-bit code or a
16-bit operand to be used with 32-bit code.
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Arithmetic
Bit Manipulation
Shift/Rotate
String Manipulation
Control Transfer
Data Transfer
Floating Point
High-Level Language Support
Operating System Support
Section 9.1 “General Instruction Set Format” on page 202
contains the clock count table that lists each instruction in
the CPU instruction set. Included in the table are the
associated opcodes, execution clock counts, and effects
on the EFLAGS register.
GXm processor instructions operate on as few as zero
operands and as many as three operands. An NOP
instruction (no operation) is an example of a zero-operand
instruction. Two-operand instructions allow the specifica-
tion of an explicit source and destination pair as part of
the instruction. These two-operand instructions can be
divided into ten groups according to operand types:
3.2.1 Lock Prefix
The LOCK prefix may be placed before certain instruc-
tions that read, modify, then write back to memory. The
PCI will not be granted access in the middle of locked
instructions. The LOCK prefix can be used with the follow-
ing instructions only when the result is a write operation to
memory.
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Register to Register
Register to Memory
Memory to Register
Memory to Memory
Register to I/O
I/O to Register
Memory to I/O
I/O to Memory
Immediate Data to Register
Immediate Data to Memory
•
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•
Bit Test Instructions (BTS, BTR, BTC)
Exchange Instructions (XADD, XCHG, CMPXCHG)
One-Operand Arithmetic and Logical Instructions
(DEC, INC, NEG, NOT)
An operand can be held in the instruction itself (as in the
case of an immediate operand), in one of the processor’s
registers or I/O ports, or in memory. An immediate oper-
and is fetched as part of the opcode for the instruction.
•
Two-Operand Arithmetic and Logical Instructions
(ADC, ADD, AND, OR, SBB, SUB, XOR).
An invalid opcode exception is generated if the LOCK pre-
fix is used with any other instruction or with one of the
instructions above when no write operation to memory
occurs (for example, when the destination is a register).
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