Figure 71. Synchronous Mode XCK Timing.
UCPOL = 1
XCK
RxD / TxD
Sample
Sample
UCPOL = 0
XCK
RxD / TxD
The UCPOL bit UCRSC selects which XCK clock edge is used for data sampling and
which is used for data change. As Figure 71 shows, when UCPOL is zero the data will
be changed at rising XCK edge and sampled at falling XCK edge. If UCPOL is set, the
data will be changed at falling XCK edge and sampled at rising XCK edge.
Frame Formats
A serial frame is defined to be one character of data bits with synchronization bits (start
and stop bits), and optionally a parity bit for error checking. The USART accepts all 30
combinations of the following as valid frame formats:
•
•
•
•
1 start bit
5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 data bits
no, even or odd parity bit
1 or 2 stop bits
A frame starts with the start bit followed by the least significant data bit. Then the next
data bits, up to a total of nine, are succeeding, ending with the most significant bit. If
enabled, the parity bit is inserted after the data bits, before the stop bits. When a com-
plete frame is transmitted, it can be directly followed by a new frame, or the
communication line can be set to an idle (high) state. Figure 72 illustrates the possible
combinations of the frame formats. Bits inside brackets are optional.
Figure 72. Frame Formats
FRAME
(IDLE)
St
0
1
2
3
4
[5] [6] [7] [8] [P] Sp1 [Sp2] (St / IDLE)
St
Start bit, always low.
Data bits (0 to 8).
(n)
P
Parity bit. Can be odd or even.
Stop bit, always high.
Sp
IDLE No transfers on the communication line (RxD or TxD). An IDLE line must be
high.
The frame format used by the USART is set by the UCSZ2:0, UPM1:0, and USBS bits in
UCSRB and UCSRC. The Receiver and Transmitter use the same setting. Note that
changing the setting of any of these bits will corrupt all ongoing communication for both
the Receiver and Transmitter.
144
ATmega32(L)
2503J–AVR–10/06
ATMEL [ ATMEL ]
