X1227
POWER CONTROL OPERATION
contents of the buffer are discarded. After a valid write
operation the RTC will reflect the newly loaded data
beginning with the next “one second” clock cycle after
the stop bit is written. The RTC continues to update
the time while an RTC register write is in progress and
the RTC continues to run during any nonvolatile write
sequences. A single byte may be written to the RTC
without affecting the other bytes.
The power control circuit accepts a V
and a V
BACK
CC
input. The power control circuit powers the device from
when V < V - 0.2V. It will switch back to
V
BACK
CC
BACK
power the device from V when V exceeds V
.
CC
CC
BACK
Figure 2. Power Control
V
CC
Voltage
On
Accuracy of the Real Time Clock
V
BACK
In
The accuracy of the Real Time Clock depends on the
frequency of the quartz crystal that is used as the time
base for the RTC. Since the resonant frequency of a
crystal is temperature dependent, the RTC perfor-
mance will also be dependent upon temperature. The
frequency deviation of the crystal is a fuction of the
turnover temperature of the crystal from the crystal’s
nominal frequency. For example, a >20ppm frequency
deviation translates into an accuracy of >1 minute per
month. These parameters are available from the
crystal manufacturer. Xicor’s RTC family provides on-
chip crystal compensation networks to adjust load-
capacitance to tune oscillator frequency from +116
ppm to –37 ppm when using a 12.5 pF load crystal.
For more detail information see the Application
section.
Off
REAL TIME CLOCK OPERATION
The Real Time Clock (RTC) uses an external
32.768kHz quartz crystal to maintain an accurate
internal representation of the second, minute, hour,
day, date, month, and year. The RTC has leap-year
correction. The clock also corrects for months having
fewer than 31 days and has a bit that controls 24 hour
or AM/PM format. When the X1227 powers up after
the loss of both V
operate until at least one byte is written to the clock
register.
and V
, the clock will not
CC
BACK
CLOCK/CONTROL REGISTERS (CCR)
Reading the Real Time Clock
The Control/Clock Registers are located in an area
separate from the EEPROM array and are only
accessible following a slave byte of “1101111x” and
reads or writes to addresses [0000h:003Fh]. The
clock/control memory map has memory addresses
from 0000h to 003Fh. The defined addresses are
described in the Table 1. Writing to and reading from
the undefined addresses are not recommended.
The RTC is read by initiating a Read command and
specifying the address corresponding to the register of
the Real Time Clock. The RTC Registers can then be
read in a Sequential Read Mode. Since the clock runs
continuously and a read takes a finite amount of time,
there is the possibility that the clock could change during
the course of a read operation. In this device, the time is
latched by the read command (falling edge of the clock
on the ACK bit prior to RTC data output) into a separate
latch to avoid time changes during the read operation.
The clock continues to run. Alarms occurring during a
read are unaffected by the read operation.
CCR access
The contents of the CCR can be modified by perform-
ing a byte or a page write operation directly to any
address in the CCR. Prior to writing to the CCR
(except the status register), however, the WEL and
RWEL bits must be set using a two step process (See
section “Writing to the Clock/Control Registers.”)
Writing to the Real Time Clock
The time and date may be set by writing to the RTC
registers. To avoid changing the current time by an
uncompleted write operation, the current time value is
loaded into a separate buffer at the falling edge of the
clock on the ACK bit before the RTC data input bytes,
the clock continues to run. The new serial input data
replaces the values in the buffer. This new RTC value
is loaded back into the RTC Register by a stop bit at
the end of a valid write sequence. An invalid write
operation aborts the time update procedure and the
The CCR is divided into 5 sections.These are:
1. Alarm 0 (8 bytes; non-volatile)
2. Alarm 1 (8 bytes; non-volatile)
3. Control (4 bytes; non-volatile)
4. Real Time Clock (8 bytes; volatile)
5. Status (1 byte; volatile)
Characteristics subject to change without notice. 3 of 28
REV 1.1.20 1/13/03
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