PIC16F7X7
is possible for two bytes of data to be received and
transferred to the RCREG FIFO and a third byte to
begin shifting to the RSR register. On the detection of
the Stop bit of the third byte, if the RCREG register is
still full, the Overrun Error bit, OERR (RCSTA<1>), will
be set. The word in the RSR will be lost. The RCREG
register can be read twice to retrieve the two bytes in
the FIFO. Overrun bit, OERR, has to be cleared in soft-
ware. This is done by resetting the receive logic (CREN
is cleared and then set). If bit OERR is set, transfers
from the RSR register to the RCREG register are inhib-
ited and no further data will be received. It is, therefore,
essential to clear error bit OERR if it is set. Framing
Error bit, FERR (RCSTA<2>), is set if a Stop bit is
detected as clear. Bit FERR and the 9th receive bit are
buffered the same way as the receive data. Reading
the RCREG will load bits RX9D and FERR with new
values; therefore, it is essential for the user to read the
RCSTA register before reading the RCREG register in
order not to lose the old FERR and RX9D information.
11.2.2
AUSART ASYNCHRONOUS
RECEIVER
The receiver block diagram is shown in Figure 11-4.
The data is received on the RC7/RX/DT pin and drives
the data recovery block. The data recovery block is
actually a high-speed shifter, operating at x16 times the
baud rate; whereas, the main receive serial shifter
operates at the bit rate or at FOSC.
Once Asynchronous mode is selected, reception is
enabled by setting bit, CREN (RCSTA<4>).
The heart of the receiver is the Receive (Serial) Shift
Register (RSR). After sampling the Stop bit, the
received data in the RSR is transferred to the RCREG
register (if it is empty). If the transfer is complete, flag
bit, RCIF (PIR1<5>), is set. The actual interrupt can be
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit, RCIE
(PIE1<5>). Flag bit RCIF is a read-only bit which is
cleared by the hardware. It is cleared when the RCREG
register has been read and is empty. The RCREG is a
double-buffered register (i.e., it is a two-deep FIFO). It
FIGURE 11-4:
AUSART RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM
x64 Baud Rate CLK
OERR
FERR
0
CREN
FOSC
SPBRG
÷ 64
or
÷ 16
RSR Register
LSb
Start
MSb
Baud Rate Generator
Stop (8)
7
1
• • •
Pin Buffer
and Control
Data
Recovery
RX9
RC7/RX/DT
RX9D
RCREG Register
SPEN
FIFO
8
RCIF
RCIE
Interrupt
Data Bus
FIGURE 11-5:
ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION
Start
bit
Start
bit
Start
bit
RX (pin)
Stop
bit
bit 0 bit 1
bit 7/8 Stop
bit
bit 7/8 Stop
bit
bit 0
bit 7/8
Rcv Shift
Reg
Rcv Buffer Reg
Word 2
RCREG
Word 1
RCREG
Read Rcv
Buffer Reg
RCREG
RCIF
(Interrupt Flag)
OERR bit
CREN
Note: This timing diagram shows three words appearing on the RX input. The RCREG (receive buffer) is read after the third word,
causing the OERR (Overrun Error) bit to be set.
DS30498C-page 140
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
MICROCHIP [ MICROCHIP ]
