SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
MICROCONTROLLER INTERFACE
Whenever nCS and nRD are activated, the preset
determinations are assumed as final and will not
be changed until hardware reset. Refer to
Description of Pin Functions section for details on
the related signals. All accesses to the internal
RAM and the internal registers are controlled by
the COM20019. The internal RAM is accessed via
a pointer-based scheme (refer to the Sequential
Access Memory section), and the internal
registers are accessed via direct addressing.
Many peripherals are not fast enough to take
advantage of high-speed microcontrollers. Since
microcontrollers do not typically have READY
inputs, standard peripherals cannot extend cycles
to extend the access time. The access time of the
COM20019, on the other hand, is so fast that it
does not need to limit the speed of the
microcontroller. The COM20019 is designed to
be flexible so that it is independent of the
microcontroller speed.
The top halves of Figures 2 and 3 illustrate typical
COM20019 interfaces to the microcontrollers.
The interfaces consist of a 8-bit data bus, an
address bus and a control bus. In order to support
a wide range of microcontrollers without requiring
glue logic and without increasing the number of
pins, the COM20019 automatically detects and
adapts to the type of microcontroller being used.
Upon hardware reset, the COM20019 first
determines whether the read and write control
signals are separate READ and WRITE signals
(like the 80XX) or DIRECTION and DATA
STROBE (like the 68XX). To determine the type of
control signals, the device requires the software to
execute at least one write access to external
memory before attempting to access the
COM20019. The device defaults to 80XX-like
signals. Once the type of control signals are
determined, the COM20019 remains in this
interface mode until the next hardware reset
occurs. The second determination the COM20019
makes is whether the bus is multiplexed or non-
multiplexed. To determine the type of bus, the
device requires the software to write to an odd
memory location followed by a read from an odd
location before attempting to access the
COM20019. The signal on the A0 pin during the
odd location access tells the COM20019 the type
of bus. Since multiplexed operation requires A0 to
be active low, activity on the A0 line tells the
COM20019 that the bus is non-multiplexed. The
device defaults to multiplexed operation. Both
determinations may be made simultaneously by
The COM20019 provides for no wait state
arbitration via direct addressing to its internal
registers and a pointer based addressing scheme
to access its internal RAM. The pointer may be
used in auto-increment mode for typical
sequential buffer emptying or loading, or it can be
taken out of auto-increment mode to perform
random accesses to the RAM. The data within
the RAM is accessed through the data register.
Data being read is prefetched from memory and
placed into the data register for the microcontroller
to read. It is important to notice that only by
writing a new address pointer (writing to an
address pointer low), one obtains the contents of
COM20019 internal RAM. Performing only read
from the Data Register does not load new data
from the internal RAM. During a write operation,
the data is stored in the data register and then
written into memory. Whenever the pointer is
loaded for reads with a new value, data is
immediately prefetched to prepare for the first
read operation.
performing
a WRITE followed by a READ
operation to an odd location within the COM20019
Address space 20020D registers. Once the type
of bus is determined, the COM20019 remains in
this interface mode until hardware reset occurs.
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