PIC18F2420/2520/4420/4520
12.2
Timer1 16-Bit Read/Write Mode
TABLE 12-1:
Osc Type
LP
Timer1 can be configured for 16-bit reads and writes
(see Figure 12-2). When the RD16 control bit
(T1CON<7>) is set, the address for TMR1H is mapped
to a buffer register for the high byte of Timer1. A read
from TMR1L will load the contents of the high byte of
Timer1 into the Timer1 high byte buffer. This provides
the user with the ability to accurately read all 16 bits of
Timer1 without having to determine whether a read of
the high byte, followed by a read of the low byte, has
become invalid due to a rollover between reads.
A write to the high byte of Timer1 must also take place
through the TMR1H Buffer register. The Timer1 high
byte is updated with the contents of TMR1H when a
write occurs to TMR1L. This allows a user to write all
16 bits to both the high and low bytes of Timer1 at once.
The high byte of Timer1 is not directly readable or
writable in this mode. All reads and writes must take
place through the Timer1 High Byte Buffer register.
Writes to TMR1H do not clear the Timer1 prescaler.
The prescaler is only cleared on writes to TMR1L.
CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR
THE TIMER OSCILLATOR
Freq
32 kHz
C1
27 pF
(1)
C2
27 pF
(1)
Note 1:
Microchip suggests these values as a
starting point in validating the oscillator
circuit.
2:
Higher capacitance increases the stability
of the oscillator but also increases the
start-up time.
3:
Since each resonator/crystal has its own
characteristics, the user should consult
the resonator/crystal manufacturer for
appropriate
values
of
external
components.
4:
Capacitor values are for design guidance
only.
12.3.1
USING TIMER1 AS A
CLOCK SOURCE
12.3
Timer1 Oscillator
An on-chip crystal oscillator circuit is incorporated
between pins T1OSI (input) and T1OSO (amplifier out-
put). It is enabled by setting the Timer1 Oscillator Enable
bit, T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>). The oscillator is a low-
power circuit rated for 32 kHz crystals. It will continue to
run during all power-managed modes. The circuit for a
typical LP oscillator is shown in Figure 12-3. Table 12-1
shows the capacitor selection for the Timer1 oscillator.
The user must provide a software time delay to ensure
proper start-up of the Timer1 oscillator.
The Timer1 oscillator is also available as a clock source
in power-managed modes. By setting the clock select
bits, SCS<1:0> (OSCCON<1:0>), to ‘01’, the device
switches to SEC_RUN mode; both the CPU and
peripherals are clocked from the Timer1 oscillator. If the
IDLEN bit (OSCCON<7>) is cleared and a
SLEEP
instruction is executed, the device enters SEC_IDLE
mode. Additional details are available in
Whenever the Timer1 oscillator is providing the clock
source, the Timer1 system clock status flag, T1RUN
(T1CON<6>), is set. This can be used to determine the
controller’s current clocking mode. It can also indicate
the clock source being currently used by the Fail-Safe
Clock Monitor. If the Clock Monitor is enabled and the
Timer1 oscillator fails while providing the clock, polling
the T1RUN bit will indicate whether the clock is being
provided by the Timer1 oscillator or another source.
FIGURE 12-3:
EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
FOR THE TIMER1 LP
OSCILLATOR
PIC18FXXXX
T1OSI
XTAL
32.768 kHz
T1OSO
C1
27 pF
12.3.2
LOW-POWER TIMER1 OPTION
C2
27 pF
Note:
See the Notes with Table 12-1 for additional
information about capacitor selection.
The Timer1 oscillator can operate at two distinct levels
of power consumption based on device configuration.
When the LPT1OSC Configuration bit is set, the Timer1
oscillator operates in a low-power mode. When
LPT1OSC is not set, Timer1 operates at a higher power
level. Power consumption for a particular mode is
relatively constant, regardless of the device’s operating
mode. The default Timer1 configuration is the higher
power mode.
As the low-power Timer1 mode tends to be more
sensitive to interference, high noise environments may
cause some oscillator instability. The low-power option
is, therefore, best suited for low noise applications
where power conservation is an important design
consideration.
©
2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39631E-page 129
MICROCHIP [ MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY ]
