PIC16F630/676
5.4
Timer1 Operation in
5.5
Timer1 Oscillator
Asynchronous Counter Mode
A crystal oscillator circuit is built-in between pins OSC1
(input) and OSC2 (amplifier output). It is enabled by
setting control bit T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>). The oscilla-
tor is a low power oscillator rated up to 32 kHz. It will
continue to run during SLEEP. It is primarily intended
for a 32 kHz crystal. Table 9-2 shows the capacitor
selection for the Timer1 oscillator.
If control bit T1SYNC (T1CON<2>) is set, the external
clock input is not synchronized. The timer continues to
increment asynchronous to the internal phase clocks.
The timer will continue to run during SLEEP and can
generate an interrupt on overflow, which will wake-up
the processor. However, special precautions in
software are needed to read/write the timer
(Section 5.4.1).
The Timer1 oscillator is shared with the system LP
oscillator. Thus, Timer1 can use this mode only when
the system clock is derived from the internal oscillator.
As with the system LP oscillator, the user must provide
a software time delay to ensure proper oscillator
start-up.
Note: The ANSEL (91h) and CMCON (19h)
registers must be initialized to configure an
analog channel as a digital input. Pins
configured as analog inputs will read ‘0’.
The ANSEL register is defined for the
PIC16F676.
TRISA5 and TRISA4 bits are set when the Timer1
oscillator is enabled. RA5 and RA4 read as ‘0’ and
TRISA5 and TRISA4 bits read as ‘1’.
5.4.1
READING AND WRITING TIMER1 IN
ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER MODE
Note: The oscillator requires a start-up and
stabilization time before use. Thus,
T1OSCEN should be set and a suitable
delay observed prior to enabling Timer1.
Reading TMR1H or TMR1L, while the timer is running
from an external asynchronous clock, will ensure a
valid read (taken care of in hardware). However, the
user should keep in mind that reading the 16-bit timer
in two 8-bit values itself, poses certain problems, since
the timer may overflow between the reads.
5.6
Timer1 Operation During SLEEP
Timer1 can only operate during SLEEP when setup in
Asynchronous Counter mode. In this mode, an external
crystal or clock source can be used to increment the
counter. To setup the timer to wake the device:
For writes, it is recommended that the user simply stop
the timer and write the desired values. A write conten-
tion may occur by writing to the timer registers, while
the register is incrementing. This may produce an
unpredictable value in the timer register.
• Timer1 must be on (T1CON<0>)
• TMR1IE bit (PIE1<0>) must be set
• PEIE bit (INTCON<6>) must be set
Reading the 16-bit value requires some care.
Examples 12-2 and 12-3 in the PIC® Mid-Range MCU
Family Reference Manual (DS33023) show how to
read and write Timer1 when it is running in
Asynchronous mode.
The device will wake-up on an overflow. If the GIE bit
(INTCON<7>) is set, the device will wake-up and jump
to the Interrupt Service Routine on an overflow.
TABLE 5-1:
REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1 AS A TIMER/COUNTER
Value on
Value on
POR, BOD
Address Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
all other
RESETS
0Bh/8Bh INTCON GIE
PEIE
ADIF
T0IE
—
INTE
—
RAIE
CMIF
T0IF
—
INTF
—
RAIF
0000 0000 0000 000u
0Ch
0Eh
0Fh
10h
8Ch
PIR1
EEIF
TMR1IF 00-- 0--0 00-- 0--0
xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
TMR1L Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
TMR1H Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
T1CON
PIE1
—
TMR1GE T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON -000 0000 -uuu uuuu
ADIE CMIE TMR1IE 00-- 0--0 00-- 0--0
EEIE
—
—
—
—
Legend: x= unknown, u= unchanged, -= unimplemented, read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module.
© 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS40039E-page 35
MICROCHIP [ MICROCHIP ]
