ATmega48/88/168
21.5 Overview of the TWI Module
The TWI module is comprised of several submodules, as shown in Figure 21-9. All registers
drawn in a thick line are accessible through the AVR data bus.
Figure 21-9. Overview of the TWI Module
SCL
SDA
Spike
Filter
Spike
Filter
Slew-rate
Control
Slew-rate
Control
Bus Interface Unit
Bit Rate Generator
START / STOP
Spike Suppression
Prescaler
Control
Address/Data Shift
Register (TWDR)
Bit Rate Register
(TWBR)
Arbitration detection
Ack
Address Match Unit
Control Unit
Address Register
(TWAR)
Status Register
(TWSR)
Control Register
(TWCR)
State Machine and
Status control
Address Comparator
21.5.1
SCL and SDA Pins
These pins interface the AVR TWI with the rest of the MCU system. The output drivers contain a
slew-rate limiter in order to conform to the TWI specification. The input stages contain a spike
suppression unit removing spikes shorter than 50 ns. Note that the internal pull-ups in the AVR
pads can be enabled by setting the PORT bits corresponding to the SCL and SDA pins, as
explained in the I/O Port section. The internal pull-ups can in some systems eliminate the need
for external ones.
21.5.2
Bit Rate Generator Unit
This unit controls the period of SCL when operating in a Master mode. The SCL period is con-
trolled by settings in the TWI Bit Rate Register (TWBR) and the Prescaler bits in the TWI Status
Register (TWSR). Slave operation does not depend on Bit Rate or Prescaler settings, but the
CPU clock frequency in the Slave must be at least 16 times higher than the SCL frequency. Note
217
2545M–AVR–09/07
ATMEL [ ATMEL ]
