Chapter 5: Clock Networks and PLLs in the Cyclone III Device Family
5–19
Hardware Features
There are two ways to use the clock switchover feature:
Use the switchover circuitry for switching from inclk0to inclk1running at the
■
same frequency. For example, in applications that require a redundant clock with
the same frequency as the reference clock, the switchover state machine generates
a signal that controls the multiplexer select input shown in Figure 5–14. In this
case, inclk1becomes the reference clock for the PLL. This automatic switchover
can switch back and forth between the inclk0and inclk1clocks any number of
times, when one of the two clocks fails and the other clock is available.
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Use the clkswitchinput for user- or system-controlled switch conditions. This is
possible for same-frequency switchover or to switch between inputs of different
frequencies. For example, if inclk0is 66 MHz and inclk1is 200 MHz, you must
control the switchover because the automatic clock-sense circuitry cannot monitor
primary and secondary clock frequencies with a frequency difference of more than
20%. This feature is useful when clock sources can originate from multiple cards
on the backplane, requiring a system-controlled switchover between frequencies
of operation. Choose the secondary clock frequency so the VCO operates in the
recommended frequency range. Also, set the M, N, and C counters accordingly to
keep the VCO operating frequency in the recommended range.
Figure 5–15 shows a waveform example of the switchover feature when using
automatic loss of clock detection. Here, the inclk0signal remains low. After the
inclk0signal remains low for approximately two clock cycles, the clock-sense
circuitry drives the clkbad[0]signal high. Also, because the reference clock signal is
not toggling, the switchover state machine controls the multiplexer through the clksw
signal to switch to inclk1
.
(1)
Figure 5–15. Automatic Switchover Upon Clock Loss Detection
inclk0
inclk1
(1)
muxout
clkbad0
clkbad1
activeclock
Note to Figure 5–15:
(1) Switchover is enabled on the falling edge of inclk0or inclk1, depending on which clock is available. In this figure,
switchover is enabled on the falling edge of inclk1
.
July 2012 Altera Corporation
Cyclone III Device Handbook
Volume 1
ALTERA [ ALTERA CORPORATION ]
