=ꢀꢁꢁꢀꢂ
9ꢃꢁꢁ%,6ꢄ'DWDꢄ3XPSꢄZLWKꢄ,QWHJUDWHGꢄ$)(
ꢁꢉ
LVWHUꢆꢍꢌꢆELWꢆꢍꢑꢇꢆꢆ$WꢆDQ\ꢆUHVHWꢌꢆZKHQꢆ&RQILJꢆUHJLVWHUꢆELWVꢆꢀ±ꢄꢆꢐ/1&'ꢑꢆLVꢆ0ꢆꢐ56#0&$;ꢑꢌꢆ
WKHꢆGDWDꢆSXPSꢆSODFHVꢆLWVꢆILUPZDUHꢆYHUVLRQꢆQXPEHUꢆLQꢆUHJLVWHUꢆ#2ꢇ
ꢍ
ꢈ
ꢎ
ꢃ
ꢄ
ꢂ
ꢊ
ꢉ
$KV
6:+'
4#/+'
4:+'
62&/
4652 4#/49 4#/43 4#/#*
7DEOHꢄꢂꢋꢃ5(*ꢉꢇꢄ5$0ꢄ&RQWUROꢄ5HJLVWHU
6<0%2/ 326,7,21
1$0(ꢄ$1'ꢄ'(6&5,37,21
5$0$+
5(*ꢆꢍꢌꢆELWꢆꢀ
5(*ꢆꢍꢌꢆELWꢆꢈ
5$0ꢆ$GGUHVVꢆ+LJKꢆ%LWꢀꢆ7KHꢆPRVWꢆVLJQLILFDQWꢆELWꢆRIꢆWKHꢆGDWDꢆSXPSꢆ5$0ꢆ
DGGUHVVꢇꢆ7KLVꢆELWꢆLVꢆVHWꢆꢆWRꢆꢈꢆZKHQꢆDFFHVVLQJꢆDꢆGDWDꢆSXPSꢆ5$0ꢆDGGUHVVꢆ
WKDWꢆLVꢆJUHDWHUꢆWKDQꢆꢅꢎꢎꢌꢆRUꢆVHWꢆWRꢆꢀꢆIRUꢆDQ\ꢆYDOXHꢆEHORZꢆꢅꢎꢎꢇ
5$054
'DWDꢆ3XPSꢆ5$0ꢆ$FFHVVꢆ5HTXHVWꢆ%LWꢇꢆ6HWꢆWKLVꢆELWꢆWRꢆꢈꢆWRꢆUHTXHVWꢆDꢆUHDGꢆRUꢆ
ZULWHꢆRIꢆWKHꢆGDWDꢆSXPSꢆ5$0ꢇꢆꢆ7KHꢆGDWDꢆSXPSꢆVHWVꢆWKLVꢆELWꢆWRꢆꢀꢆZKHQꢆWKHꢆ
UHTXHVWꢆKDVꢆEHHQꢆIXOILOOHGꢇꢆ
5$05:
5763
5(*ꢆꢍꢌꢆELWꢆꢅ
5(*ꢆꢍꢌꢆELWꢆꢂ
'DWDꢆ3XPSꢆ5$0ꢆ5HDGꢏ:ULWHꢆ%LWꢀꢆ6HWꢆWKLVꢆELWꢆWRꢆꢀꢆWRꢆUHTXHVWꢆDꢆUHDGꢆRIꢆWKHꢆ
GDWDꢆSXPSꢆ5$0ꢆRUꢆDꢆꢈꢆWRꢆUHTXHVWꢆDꢆZULWHꢆRIꢆGDWDꢆSXPSꢆ5$0ꢇ
5HJLVWHUꢆ5HTXHVWꢆWRꢆ6HQGꢆ%LWꢀꢆ$ꢆORJLFDOꢆ25ꢆRSHUDWLRQꢆLVꢆH[HFXWHGꢆXVLQJꢆWKHꢆ
YDOXHꢆRIꢆWKHꢆKDUGZDUHꢆ576ꢆVLJQDOꢆUHFHLYHGꢆE\ꢆWKHꢆGDWDꢆSXPSꢆRQꢆWKHꢆ576
ꢆ
SLQꢇꢆꢆ7KHꢆKRVWꢆVHWVꢆ576ꢆRUꢆ5763ꢆWRꢆꢈꢆWRꢆLQIRUPꢆWKHꢆGDWDꢆSXPSꢆWKHꢆKRVWꢆLVꢆ
WUDQVPLWWLQJꢆGDWDꢇꢆꢆ7RꢆFRQWUROꢆWKHꢆGDWDꢆSXPSꢆXVLQJꢆWKHꢆ576ꢆVLJQDOꢌꢆVHWꢆ
5763ꢆWRꢆꢀꢇꢆꢆ7RꢆFRQWUROꢆWKHꢆGDWDꢆSXPSꢆXVLQJꢆ5763ꢌꢆKROGꢆ576ꢆ+LJKꢇ
73'0
5$0O(
5;O(
5(*ꢆꢍꢌꢆELWꢆꢍ
5(*ꢆꢍꢌꢆELWꢆꢎ
5(*ꢆꢍꢌꢆELWꢆꢄ
6HOHFWꢆ3DUDOOHOꢆ'DWDꢆ0RGHꢀꢆꢆ6HWWLQJꢆWKLVꢆELWꢆVHOHFWVꢆWKHꢆSDUDOOHOꢆGDWDꢆPRGHꢇꢆꢆ
5HVHWWLQJꢆLWꢆVHOHFWVꢆWKHꢆVHULDOꢆGDWDꢆPRGHꢇ
5$0ꢆ,QWHUUXSWꢆ(QDEOHꢆ%LWꢇꢆ6HWWLQJꢆWKLVꢆELWꢆDOORZVꢆWKHꢆGDWDꢆSXPSꢆWRꢆLQWHUUXSWꢆ
WKHꢆKRVWꢆZKHQꢆDꢆ5$0ꢆUHDGꢏZULWHꢆUHTXHVWꢆKDVꢆEHHQꢆFRPSOHWHGꢇ
5HFHLYHꢆ'DWDꢆ,QWHUUXSWꢆ(QDEOHꢆ%LWꢌꢆ3DUDOOHOꢆ'DWDꢆ0RGHꢆ2QO\ꢀꢆ7KLVꢆELWꢌꢆZKHQꢆ
VHWꢌꢆFDXVHVꢆWKHꢆGDWDꢆSXPSꢆWRꢆJHQHUDWHꢆDQꢆLQWHUUXSWꢆZKHQHYHUꢆWKHꢆ5;,ꢆELWꢆLVꢆ
VHWꢇ
7;O(
5(*ꢆꢍꢌꢆELWꢆꢉ
7UDQVPLWꢆ'DWDꢆ,QWHUUXSWꢆ(QDEOHꢆ%LWꢌꢆ3DUDOOHOꢆ'DWDꢆ0RGHꢆ2QO\ꢀꢆ7KLVꢆELWꢌꢆZKHQꢆ
VHWꢌꢆFDXVHVꢆWKHꢆGDWDꢆSXPSꢆWRꢆJHQHUDWHꢆDQꢆLQWHUUXSWꢆZKHQHYHUꢆWKHꢆ7;,ꢆELWꢆLVꢆ
VHWꢇ
1RWHꢋꢆ $OOꢆWKHꢆELWVꢆLQꢆWKLVꢆUHJLVWHUꢆꢐ5(*ꢆꢍꢑꢆGHIDXOWꢆWRꢆORJLFꢆꢀꢆDWꢆSRZHUꢃXSꢆRUꢆDIWHUꢆUHVHWꢆVHTXHQFHVꢆDUHꢆFRPSOHWHGꢇ
36ꢀꢀꢀꢁꢀꢂꢃꢀꢄꢀꢅ