Technical Note
LM358MX,LM2904MX,LM324MX,LM324MTX,LM2902MX
NOW SERIES LM2904/2902/358/324 family
●Description of Electrical Characteristics
Described below are descriptions of the relevant electrical terms
Please note that item names, symbols and their meanings may differ from those on another manufacturer’s documents.
1.Absolute maximum ratings
The absolute maximum ratings are values that should never be exceeded, since doing so may result in deterioration of electrical characteristics or damage
to the part itself as well as peripheral components.
1.1 Power supply voltage (V+/GND)
Expresses the maximum voltage that can be supplied between the positive and negative supply terminals without causing deterioration of the electrical
characteristics or destruction of the internal circuitry.
1.2 Differential input voltage (VID)
Indicates the maximum voltage that can be supplied between the non-inverting and inverting terminals without damaging the IC.
1.3 Input common-mode voltage range (VICR)
Signifies the maximum voltage that can be supplied to non-inverting and inverting terminals without causing deterioration of the characteristics or damage
to the IC itself. Normal operation is not guaranteed within the common-mode voltage range of the maximum ratings – use within the input common-mode
voltage range of the electric characteristics instead.
1.4 Operating and storage temperature ranges (Topr,Tstg)
The operating temperature range indicates the temperature range within which the IC can operate. The higher the ambient temperature, the lower the
power consumption of the IC. The storage temperature range denotes the range of temperatures the IC can be stored under without causing excessive
deterioration of the electrical characteristics.
1.5 Power dissipation (Pd)
Indicates the power that can be consumed by a particular mounted board at ambient temperature (25℃). For packaged products, Pd is determined by the
maximum junction temperature and the thermal resistance.
2. Electrical characteristics
2.1 Input offset voltage (VIO)
Signifies the voltage difference between the non-inverting and inverting terminals. It can be thought of as the input voltage difference required for setting
the output voltage to 0 V.
2.2 Input offset voltage drift (△VIO/△T)
Denotes the ratio of the input offset voltage fluctuation to the ambient temperature fluctuation.
2.3 Input offset current (IIO)
Indicates the difference of input bias current between the non-inverting and inverting terminals.
2.4 Input offset current drift (△IIO/△T)
Signifies the ratio of the input offset current fluctuation to the ambient temperature fluctuation.
2.5 Input bias current (IIB)
Denotes the current that flows into or out of the input terminal, it is defined by the average of the input bias current at the non-inverting terminal and the
input bias current at the inverting terminal.
2.6 Circuit current (ICC)
Indicates the current of the IC itself that flows under specified conditions and during no-load steady state.
2.7 High level output voltage/low level output voltage (VOH/VOL)
Signifying the voltage range that can be output under specified load conditions, it is in general divided into high level output voltage and low level output
voltage. High level output voltage indicates the upper limit of the output voltage, while low level output voltage the lower limit.
2.8 Large signal voltage gain (AV)
The amplifying rate (gain) of the output voltage against the voltage difference between non-inverting and inverting terminals, it is (normally) the amplifying
rate (gain) with respect to DC voltage.
AV = (output voltage fluctuation) / (input offset fluctuation)
2.9 Input common-mode voltage range (VICR)
Indicates the input voltage range under which the IC operates normally.
2.10 Common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR)
Signifies the ratio of fluctuation of the input offset voltage when the in-phase input voltage is changed (DC fluctuation).
CMRR = (change in input common-mode voltage) / (input offset fluctuation)
2.11 Power supply rejection ratio (PSRR)
Denotes the ratio of fluctuation of the input offset voltage when supply voltage is changed (DC fluctuation).
SVR = (change in power supply voltage) / (input offset fluctuation)
2.12 Output source current/ output sink current (IOH/IOL)
The maximum current that can be output under specific output conditions, it is divided into output source current and output sink current. The output source
current indicates the current flowing out of the IC, and the output sink current the current flowing into the IC.
2.13 Channel separation (CS)
Expresses the amount of fluctuation of the input offset voltage or output voltage with respect to the change in the output voltage of a driven channel.
2.14 Slew rate (SR)
Indicates the time fluctuation ratio of the output voltage when an input step signal is supplied.
2.15 Gain bandwidth product (GBW)
The product of the specified signal frequency and the gain of the op-amp at such frequency, it gives the approximate value of the frequency where the gain
of the op-amp is 1 (maximum frequency, and unity gain frequency).
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