LM358, LM258, LM2904, LM2904A, LM2904V, NCV2904
R1
V
CC
R2
V
CC
-
1/2
50 k
5.0 k
V
O
V
ref
10 k
1/2
MC1403
LM358
-
V
CC
V
O
f
o
=
R
1
2
π
RC
2.5 V
+
LM358
+
V
ref
=
V
O
= 2.5 V (1 +
R1
)
R2
1
V
2
CC
R
C
C
For: f
o
= 1.0 kHz
R = 16 kΩ
C = 0.01
µF
Figure 10. Voltage Reference
Figure 11. Wien Bridge Oscillator
e
1
+
1/2
1
CR
R
R2
-
R1
V
OH
V
O
V
O
V
OL
Hysteresis
LM358
-
R1
a R1
b R1
1/2
LM358
+
e
o
V
ref
V
in
1/2
+
LM358
-
1/2
-
1
CR
R
V
inL
V
ref
V
inH
e
2
LM358
V
inL
=
V
inH
=
H=
+
R1
(V - V )+ V
ref
R1 + R2
OL ref
R1
(V - V ) + V
ref
R1 + R2
OH ref
R1
(V
OH
- V
OL
)
R1 + R2
e
o
= C (1 + a + b) (e
2
- e
1
)
Figure 12. High Impedance Differential Amplifier
Figure 13. Comparator with Hysteresis
R
V
in
C1
R2
-
C
R
C
1/2
R
100 k
1
f
o
= 2
π
RC
R1 = QR
R2 = R1
T
BP
V
ref
=
1
V
2
CC
1/2
LM358
-
+
100 k
LM358
+
1/2
-
R3 = T
N R2
C1 = 10 C
For: f
o
Q
T
BP
T
N
= 1.0 kHz
= 10
=1
=1
R
C
R1
R2
R3
= 160 kΩ
= 0.001
µF
= 1.6 MΩ
= 1.6 MΩ
= 1.6 MΩ
V
ref
R2
R1
V
ref
Bandpass
Output
1/2
LM358
+
R3
-
V
ref
C1
LM358
+
Notch Output
Where: T
BP
= Center Frequency Gain
T
N
= Passband Notch Gain
V
ref
Figure 14. Bi–Quad Filter
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