LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
Figure 7. Voltage Reference
R1
VCC
VCC
–
1/4
Figure 8. Wien Bridge Oscillator
50 k
R2
5.0 k
10 k
VO
Vref
–
1/4
VCC
VO
1
fo = 2
π
RC
C
For: fo = 1.0 kHz
R = 16 kΩ
C = 0.01
µF
MC1403
2.5 V
LM324
+
LM324
+
1
Vref = VCC
2
VO = 2.5 V
1+
R1
R2
R
R
C
Figure 9. High Impedance Differential Amplifier
e1
+
1/4
Figure 10. Comparator with Hysteresis
R2
Hysteresis
R1
VOH
VO
1/4
1
CR
R
LM324
–
a R1
–
1/4
R1
LM324
+
b R1
–
1/4
eo
Vref
Vin
+
LM324
–
VO
1
CR
R
VOL
VinL
VinH
e2
LM324
+
R1
(V – V ) + Vref
VinL =
R1 + R2 OL ref
R1
(V – V ) + Vref
VinH =
R1 + R2 OH ref
H=
R1
(V – V )
R1 + R2 OH OL
Vref
eo = C (1 + a + b) (e2 – e1)
Figure 11. Bi–Quad Filter
R
R
Vin
C1
R2
–
C
R
–
1/4
100 k
C
100 k
–
1/4
1
fo = 2
π
RC
R1 = QR
R1
R2 =
TBP
R3 = TN R2
C1 = 10C
For:
For:
For:
For:
fo = 1.0 kHz
Q = 10
TBP = 1
TN = 1
R
C
R1
R2
R3
= 160 kΩ
= 0.001
µF
= 1.6 MΩ
= 1.6 MΩ
= 1.6 MΩ
1
Vref = VCC
2
1/4
LM324
+
Vref
Bandpass
Output
R2
R1
LM324
+
Vref
LM324
+
R3
–
1/4
Vref
C1
Notch Output
LM324
+
Vref
Where: TBP = Center Frequency Gain
Where:
TN = Passband Notch Gain
6
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
MOTOROLA [ MOTOROLA, INC ]
