PIC16F7X7
battery or supercapacitor as a power source, it can
completely eliminate the need for a separate RTC
device and battery backup.
7.9
Resetting Timer1 Register Pair
(TMR1H, TMR1L)
TMR1H and TMR1L registers are not reset to 00h on a
POR, or any other Reset, except by the CCP1 special
event triggers.
The application code routine, RTCisr, shown in
Example 7-3, demonstrates
a simple method to
increment a counter at one-second intervals using an
Interrupt Service Routine. Incrementing the TMR1 reg-
ister pair to overflow, triggers the interrupt and calls the
routine which increments the seconds counter by one;
additional counters for minutes and hours are
incremented as the previous counter overflows.
T1CON register is reset to 00h on a Power-on Reset or
a Brown-out Reset, which shuts off the timer and
leaves a 1:1 prescale. In all other Resets, the register
is unaffected.
7.10 Timer1 Prescaler
Since the register pair is 16 bits wide, counting up to
overflow the register directly from a 32.768 kHz clock
would take 2 seconds. To force the overflow at the
required one-second intervals, it is necessary to
preload it. The simplest method is to set the MSb of
TMR1H with a BSF instruction. Note that the TMR1L
register is never preloaded or altered; doing so may
introduce cumulative error over many cycles.
The prescaler counter is cleared on writes to the
TMR1H or TMR1L registers.
7.11 Using Timer1 as a Real-Time Clock
Adding an external LP oscillator to Timer1 (such as the
one described in Section 7.6 “Timer1 Oscillator”)
gives users the option to include RTC functionality in
their applications. This is accomplished with an inex-
pensive watch crystal to provide an accurate time base
and several lines of application code to calculate the
time. When operating in Sleep mode and using a
For this method to be accurate, Timer1 must operate in
Asynchronous mode and the Timer1 overflow interrupt
must be enabled (PIE1<0> = 1) as shown in the
routine, RTCinit. The Timer1 oscillator must also be
enabled and running at all times.
EXAMPLE 7-3:
IMPLEMENTING A REAL-TIME CLOCK USING A TIMER1 INTERRUPT SERVICE
RTCinit
BANKSEL
TMR1H
MOVLW
MOVWF
CLRF
0x80
TMR1H
TMR1L
; Preload TMR1 register pair
; for 1 second overflow
MOVLW
MOVWF
CLRF
b’00001111’
T1CON
secs
; Configure for external clock,
; Asynchronous operation, external oscillator
; Initialize timekeeping registers
CLRF
mins
MOVLW
MOVWF
BANKSEL
BSF
.12
hours
PIE1
PIE1, TMR1IE
; Enable Timer1 interrupt
RETURN
BANKSEL
BSF
BCF
INCF
RTCisr
TMR1H
TMR1H, 7
PIR1, TMR1IF
secs, F
secs, w
.60
; Preload for 1 sec overflow
; Clear interrupt flag
; Increment seconds
MOVF
SUBLW
BTFSS
RETURN
CLRF
INCF
MOVF
SUBLW
BTFSS
RETURN
CLRF
INCF
MOVF
STATUS, Z
; 60 seconds elapsed?
; No, done
; Clear seconds
; Increment minutes
seconds
mins, f
mins, w
.60
STATUS, Z
; 60 seconds elapsed?
; No, done
; Clear minutes
; Increment hours
mins
hours, f
hours, w
.24
SUBLW
BTFSS
RETURN
CLRF
STATUS, Z
; 24 hours elapsed?
; No, done
; Clear hours
; Done
hours
RETURN
DS30498C-page 82
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
MICROCHIP [ MICROCHIP ]
