IA2910A
Data Sheet
Microprogram Controller
August 19, 2008
instruction checks to see whether the register/counter contains a non-zero value. If so, the
register/counter is decremented, and the address of the next microinstruction is taken from the top
of the stack. If the register counter contains zero, the loop exit condition is occurring; control falls
through to the next sequential microinstruction by selecting uPC; the stack is POP’d by
decrementing the stack pointer, but the contents of the top of the stack are thrown away.
An example of the RFCT instruction is shown in Figure II. In this example, location 50 most likely
would contain a PUSH/CONDITIONAL LOAD COUNTER instruction which would have
caused address 51 to be PUSHed on the stack and the counter to be loaded with the proper value
for looping the desired number of times.
In this example, since the loop test is made at the end of the instructions to be repeated
(microaddress 54), the proper value to be loaded by the instructions at address 50 is one less than
the desired number of passes through the loop. This method allows a loop to be executed 1 to 4096
times. If it is desired to execute the loop from 0 to 4095 times, the firmware should be written to
make the loop exit test immediately after loop entry.
Instruction 9 RPCT is the REPEAT PIPELINE REGISTER, COUNTER NOT EQUAL ZERO
instruction. This instruction is similar to instruction 8 except that the branch address now comes
from the pipeline register rather than the file. In some cases, this instruction may be thought of as a
one-word file extension; that is, by using this instruction, a loop with the counter can still be
performed when subroutines are nested five deep. This instruction’s operation is very similar to that
of instruction 8. The differences are that on this instruction, a failed test condition causes the source
of the next microinstruction address to be the DIN inputs; and, when the test condition is passed,
this instruction does not perform a POP because the stack is not being used.
In the example of Figure II, the RPCT instruction is instruction 52 and is shown as a single
microinstruction loop. The address in the pipeline register would be 52. Instruction 51 in this
example could be the LOAD COUNTER AND CONTINUE instruction (number 12). While the
example shows a single microinstruction loop, by simply changing the address in a pipeline register,
multi-instruction loops can be performed in this manner for a fixed number of times as determined
by the counter.
Instruction 10 CRTN is the CONDITIONAL RETURN-FROM-SUBROUTINE instruction. As
the name implies, this instruction is used to branch from the subroutine back to the next
microinstruction address following the subroutine call. Since this instruction is conditional, the
return is performed only if the test is passed. If the test is failed, the next sequential
microinstruction is performed. The example in Figure II depicts the use of the CRTN instruction in
both the conditional and the unconditional modes. This example first shows a jump-to-subroutine
at instruction location 52 where control is transferred to location 90. At location 93, a CRTN
instruction is performed. If the test is passed, the stack is accessed and the program will transfer to
the next instruction at address 53. If the test is failed, the next microinstruction at address 94 will be
executed. The program will continue to address 97 where the subroutine is complete. To perform
an unconditional RETURN-FROM-SUBROUTINE, the CRTN instruction is executed
unconditionally; the microinstruction at address 97 is programmed to force CCENn HIGH,
disabling the test and the forced PASS causes an unconditional return.
IA211030314-03
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