Low-Pass
Appendix A
Theoretical Transfer Characteristics
f/fc
(Hz)
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.0
Amp
(dB)
0.000
0.000
-0.003
-0.018
-0.067
-0.198
-0.483
-1.01
-1.85
-3.01
-4.43
-6.01
-7.65
-9.31
-10.9
-12.5
-14.0
-15.4
-16.8
-18.1
-23.9
-28.6
-32.6
-36.1
-41.9
-46.7
-50.7
-54.2
-57.3
-60.0
Phase
(deg)
-11.5
-23.1
-34.9
-47.3
-60.3
-74.1
-88.9
-104
-120
-135
-149
-160
-170
-179
-186
-192
-198
-202
-206
-210
-223
-231
-237
-241
-247
-251
-254
-256
-257
-259
Delay
(sec)
.320
.325
.335
.350
.372
.398
.423
.436
.428
.398
.352
.303
.257
.217
.185
Delay (sec)
1
3-Pole
Butterworth
Frequency Response
0
-10
Amp (dB)
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0.1
2
3
4
5 6 7 8
1.0
2
3
4
5 6 7
10.0
Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
Delay
(Normalized)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.15
2
3
4
5
6
7 8 9
1.0
1.5
.158
.137
.119
.105
.093
.056
.038
.027
.021
.013
.009
.007
.005
.004
.003
Normalized Time (1/f sec)
Step Response
1.2
Step Response (V/V)
1.Normalized
Group Delay:
The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency
of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided
by the actual corner frequency (fc).
Normalized Delay
Actual Delay =
Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
-0.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
Normalized Time (1/f sec)
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