Low-Pass
2-Pole
Appendix A
Theoretical Transfer Characteristics
1
f/fc
Amp
Phase
Delay
(Hz)
(dB)
(deg)
(sec)
0.00
0.00
0.00
.225
0.10
0.00
-8.13
.227
0.20
-0.01
-16.4
.234
0.30
-0.035
-25.0
.243
-0.110
0.40
-34.0
.255
.265
-0.263
0.50
-43.3
0.60
-0.529
-53.0
.271
0.70
-0.935
-62.7
.270
0.80
-1.491
-72.3
.262
0.85
-1.824
-77.0
.255
0.90
-2.191
-81.5
.246
0.95
-2.59
-85.8
.236
1.00
-3.01
-90.0
.225
1.10
-3.92
-97.7
.202
1.20
-4.88
-105
.179
1.30
-5.86
-111
.157
1.40
-6.85
-116
.138
.121
1.50
-7.83
-121
.106
1.60
-8.78
-125
.094
1.70
-9.71
-128
.083
1.80
-10.6
-131
1.90
-11.5
-134
.074
2.00
-12.3
-137
.066
2.25
-14.3
-142
.051
2.50
-16.0
-146
.041
2.75
-17.6
-149
.033
3.00
-19.1
-152
.027
3.25
-20.5
-154
.023
3.50
-21.8
-156
.020
4.00
-24.1
-159
.015
5.00
-28.0
-164
.009
6.00
-31.1
-166
.006
7.00
-33.8
-168
.005
8.00
-36.1
-170
.004
9.00
-38.2
-171
.003
-40.0
10.0
-172
.002
Butterworth
Frequency Response
0
Amp (dB)
-20
-40
-60
-80
0.1
2
1.0
2 3 4 5 6 7
10.0
Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
3 4 5 6 78
Delay
(Normalized)
0.5
Delay (sec)
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.15 2
1.0
1.5
Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
3
4
5 6 7 89
Step Response
Step Response (V/V)
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
-0.0
0
1
2
3
4
Normalized Time (1/f sec)
5
1.Normalized
Group Delay:
The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency
of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided
by the actual corner frequency (fc).
Normalized Delay
Actual Delay =
Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
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5
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