ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P
Table 8-10. Start-up Times for the Low-frequency Crystal Oscillator Clock Selection
Start-up Time from
CKSEL3..0
0100(1)
Power-down and Power-save
Recommended Usage
1K CK
0101
32K CK
Stable frequency at start-up
Note:
1. This option should only be used if frequency stability at start-up is not important for the
application
8.6
Calibrated Internal RC Oscillator
By default, the Internal RC Oscillator provides an approximate 8.0 MHz clock. Though voltage
and temperature dependent, this clock can be very accurately calibrated by the user. See Table
28-1 on page 317 for more details. The device is shipped with the CKDIV8 Fuse programmed.
See ”System Clock Prescaler” on page 35 for more details.
This clock may be selected as the system clock by programming the CKSEL Fuses as shown in
Table 8-11. If selected, it will operate with no external components. During reset, hardware loads
the pre-programmed calibration value into the OSCCAL Register and thereby automatically cal-
ibrates the RC Oscillator. The accuracy of this calibration is shown as Factory calibration in
Table 28-1 on page 317.
By changing the OSCCAL register from SW, see ”OSCCAL – Oscillator Calibration Register” on
page 37, it is possible to get a higher calibration accuracy than by using the factory calibration.
The accuracy of this calibration is shown as User calibration in Table 28-1 on page 317.
When this Oscillator is used as the chip clock, the Watchdog Oscillator will still be used for the
Watchdog Timer and for the Reset Time-out. For more information on the pre-programmed cali-
bration value, see the section ”Calibration Byte” on page 298.
Table 8-11. Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator Operating Modes
Frequency Range(2) (MHz)
CKSEL3..0
7.3 - 8.1
0010(1)
Notes: 1. The device is shipped with this option selected.
2. If 8 MHz frequency exceeds the specification of the device (depends on VCC), the CKDIV8
Fuse can be programmed in order to divide the internal frequency by 8.
When this Oscillator is selected, start-up times are determined by the SUT Fuses as shown in
Table 8-12 on page 33.
Table 8-12. Start-up times for the internal calibrated RC Oscillator clock selection
Start-up Time from Power-
down and Power-save
Additional Delay from
Reset (VCC = 5.0V)
Power Conditions
BOD enabled
SUT1..0
00
6 CK
6 CK
14CK(1)
Fast rising power
Slowly rising power
14CK + 4.1 ms
14CK + 65 ms(2)
01
6 CK
10
Reserved
11
Note:
1. If the RSTDISBL fuse is programmed, this start-up time will be increased to
14CK + 4.1 ms to ensure programming mode can be entered.
2. The device is shipped with this option selected.
33
8161D–AVR–10/09
ATMEL [ ATMEL ]
