ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P
Table 26-5. Signature Row Addressing
Signature Byte
Z-Pointer Address
0x0000
Device Signature Byte 1
Device Signature Byte 2
Device Signature Byte 3
RC Oscillator Calibration Byte
0x0002
0x0004
0x0001
Note:
All other addresses are reserved for future use.
26.8.11 Preventing Flash Corruption
During periods of low VCC, the Flash program can be corrupted because the supply voltage is
too low for the CPU and the Flash to operate properly. These issues are the same as for board
level systems using the Flash, and the same design solutions should be applied.
A Flash program corruption can be caused by two situations when the voltage is too low. First, a
regular write sequence to the Flash requires a minimum voltage to operate correctly. Secondly,
the CPU itself can execute instructions incorrectly, if the supply voltage for executing instructions
is too low.
Flash corruption can easily be avoided by following these design recommendations (one is
sufficient):
1. If there is no need for a Boot Loader update in the system, program the Boot Loader Lock
bits to prevent any Boot Loader software updates.
2. Keep the AVR RESET active (low) during periods of insufficient power supply voltage.
This can be done by enabling the internal Brown-out Detector (BOD) if the operating volt-
age matches the detection level. If not, an external low VCC reset protection circuit can be
used. If a reset occurs while a write operation is in progress, the write operation will be
completed provided that the power supply voltage is sufficient.
3. Keep the AVR core in Power-down sleep mode during periods of low VCC. This will pre-
vent the CPU from attempting to decode and execute instructions, effectively protecting
the SPMCSR Register and thus the Flash from unintentional writes.
26.8.12 Programming Time for Flash when Using SPM
The calibrated RC Oscillator is used to time Flash accesses. Table 26-6 shows the typical pro-
gramming time for Flash accesses from the CPU.
Table 26-6. SPM Programming Time(1)
Symbol
Min Programming Time
Max Programming Time
Flash write (Page Erase, Page Write, and
write Lock bits by SPM)
3.7 ms
4.5 ms
Note:
1. Minimum and maximum programming time is per individual operation.
26.8.13 Simple Assembly Code Example for a Boot Loader
;-the routine writes one page of data from RAM to Flash
; the first data location in RAM is pointed to by the Y pointer
; the first data location in Flash is pointed to by the Z-pointer
;-error handling is not included
286
8161D–AVR–10/09
ATMEL [ ATMEL ]
