ATmega16(L)
Figure 4. AVR CPU General Purpose Working Registers
7
0
Addr.
R0
R1
$00
$01
$02
R2
…
R13
R14
R15
R16
R17
…
$0D
$0E
$0F
$10
$11
General
Purpose
Working
Registers
R26
R27
R28
R29
R30
R31
$1A
$1B
$1C
$1D
$1E
$1F
X-register Low Byte
X-register High Byte
Y-register Low Byte
Y-register High Byte
Z-register Low Byte
Z-register High Byte
Most of the instructions operating on the Register File have direct access to all registers,
and most of them are single cycle instructions.
As shown in Figure 4, each register is also assigned a data memory address, mapping
them directly into the first 32 locations of the user Data Space. Although not being phys-
ically implemented as SRAM locations, this memory organization provides great
flexibility in access of the registers, as the X-, Y-, and Z-pointer Registers can be set to
index any register in the file.
The X-register, Y-register and The registers R26..R31 have some added functions to their general purpose usage.
Z-register
These registers are 16-bit address pointers for indirect addressing of the Data Space.
The three indirect address registers X, Y, and Z are defined as described in Figure 5.
Figure 5. The X-, Y-, and Z-registers
15
XH
YH
XL
0
0
X - register
7
0
0
7
R27 ($1B)
R26 ($1A)
15
YL
ZL
0
0
Y - register
Z - register
7
7
R29 ($1D)
R28 ($1C)
15
ZH
0
0
7
7
0
R31 ($1F)
R30 ($1E)
In the different addressing modes these address registers have functions as fixed dis-
placement, automatic increment, and automatic decrement (see the Instruction Set
Reference for details).
9
2466E–AVR–10/02
ATMEL [ ATMEL ]
