RT6239A/B
cause the effective input voltage to be less than the
measured input voltage and the effective output voltage to
be greater than the measured output voltage. As the load
changes, the switch voltage drops change causing a
switching frequency variation with load current. Also, at
light loads if the inductor current goes negative, the switch
dead-time between the synchronous rectifier turn-off and
the high-side switch turn-on allows the switching node to
rise to the input voltage. This increases the effective on
time and causes the switching frequency to drop
noticeably.
times can raise the inductor current quickly when needed.
Discontinuous Operating Mode (RT6239A Only)
After soft-start, the RT6239A operates in fixed frequency
mode to minimize interference and noise problems. The
RT6239A uses variable-frequency discontinuous switching
at light loads to improve efficiency. During discontinuous
switching, the on-time is immediately increased to add
“hysteresis” to discourage the IC from switching back to
continuous switching unless the load increases
substantially.
The IC returns to continuous switching as soon as an on-
time is generated before the inductor current reaches zero.
The on-time is reduced back to the length needed for
500kHz switching and encouraging the circuit to remain
in continuous conduction, preventing repetitive mode
transitions between continuous switching and
discontinuous switching.
One way to reduce these effects is to measure the actual
switching frequency and compare it to the desired range.
This has the added benefit eliminating the need to sense
the actual output voltage, potentially saving one pin
connection. ACOTTM uses this method, measuring the
actual switching frequency and modifying the on-time with
a feedback loop to keep the average switching frequency
in the desired range.
Current Limit
To achieve good stability with low-ESR ceramic capacitors,
ACOTTM uses a virtual inductor current ramp generated
inside the IC. This internal ramp signal replaces the ESR
ramp normally provided by the output capacitor's ESR.
The ramp signal and other internal compensations are
optimized for low-ESR ceramic output capacitors.
The RT6239A/B current limit is a cycle-by-cycle “valley”
type, measuring the inductor current through the
synchronous rectifier during the off-time while the inductor
current ramps down. The current is determined by
measuring the voltage between Source and Drain of the
synchronous rectifier. If the inductor current exceeds the
current limit, the on-time one-shot is inhibited (Mask high
side signal) until the inductor current ramps down below
the current limit. Thus, only when the inductor current is
well below the current limit is another on time permitted.
This arrangement prevents the average output current from
greatly exceeding the guaranteed current limit value, as
typically occurs with other valley-type current limits. If
the output current exceeds the available inductor current
(controlled by the current limit mechanism), the output
voltage will drop. If it drops below the output under-voltage
protection level the IC will stop switching (see next section).
ACOTTM One-Shot Operation
The RT6239A/B control algorithm is simple to understand.
The feedback voltage, with the virtual inductor current ramp
added, is compared to the reference voltage. When the
combined signal is less than the reference and the on-
time one-shot is triggered, as long as the minimum off-
time one-shot is clear and the measured inductor current
(through the synchronous rectifier) is below the current
limit. The on-time one-shot turns on the high-side switch
and the inductor current ramps up linearly. After the on
time, the high-side switch is turned off and the synchronous
rectifier is turned on and the inductor current ramps down
linearly. At the same time, the minimum off-time one-shot
is triggered to prevent another immediate on-time during
the noisy switching time and allow the feedback voltage
and current sense signals to settle. The minimum off-time
is kept short (230ns typical) so that rapidly-repeated on-
Output Under-Voltage Protection
Hiccup Mode
The RT6239AH/RT6239BH provide Hiccup Mode Under-
Voltage Protection (UVP). When the FB voltage drops
below 60% of the feedback reference voltage, the output
Copyright 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved.
©
is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
DS6239A/B-04 May 2016
www.richtek.com
5
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